Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on male reproductive health

Article Immunology

Association Between Male Sex and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-A Danish Nationwide, Register-based Study

Kristian Kragholm et al.

Summary: Male COVID-19 patients have over 50% higher risk of severe infection, death, or ICU admission compared to females, and this excess risk is not explained by age and comorbidities.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Obesity and diabetes as high-risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19)

Yue Zhou et al.

Summary: The Covid-19 outbreak has evolved into a global health crisis, with the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes exacerbating the risks of infectious diseases. This study provides a synthesis of recent advances in understanding the relationships between obesity, diabetes, and Covid-19, offering special treatment guidance for these at-risk populations.

DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Andrology

Worse progression of COVID-19 in men: Is testosterone a key factor?

Vito A. Giagulli et al.

Summary: Testosterone levels may affect the progression of COVID-19 in men, with low levels predisposing to endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and defective immune response. This can ultimately lead to impaired viral clearance and systemic inflammation, especially in critically ill individuals. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify appropriate therapeutic strategies.

ANDROLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Addressing male sexual and reproductive health in the wake of COVID-19 outbreak

A. Sansone et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems globally, with severe complications such as micro-thrombosis and DIC. Survivors of COVID-19 may face long-term consequences, including the development of erectile dysfunction, adding to the burden of the disease.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Is there any association of COVID-19 with testicular pain and epididymo-orchitis?

Caner Ediz et al.

Summary: This study found that testicular pain occurred frequently in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but no inflammation marker related to this was found in patients with COVID-19.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

COVID-19 Infection in Men on Testosterone Replacement Therapy

Amarnath Rambhatla et al.

Summary: The study suggests that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is not associated with worse clinical outcomes in men diagnosed with COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer Does Not Affect Risk of Infection with SARS-CoV-2

Eric A. Klein et al.

Summary: Investigating the relationship between androgen deprivation therapy and infection rate and disease severity in prostate cancer patients, the study found that androgen deprivation therapy does not appear to be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

JOURNAL OF UROLOGY (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Pathological and molecular examinations of postmortem testis biopsies reveal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the testis and spermatogenesis damage in COVID-19 patients

Xixiang Ma et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive?

Shreya Mukherjee et al.

Summary: Sex differences in ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 expression, as well as immunological responses, may explain the disparities in COVID-19 severity and fatality between males and females. Behaviors such as smoking and comorbidities may also contribute to gendered differences in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infections. An understanding of these sex and gender sensitivities is crucial for the development of effective treatments and therapies for the virus.

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Andrology

No detection of SARS-CoV-2 from urine, expressed prostatic secretions, and semen in 74 recovered COVID-19 male patients: A perspective and urogenital evaluation

Yajun Ruan et al.

Summary: This study investigated the urogenital involvement in recovered male COVID-19 patients and found no direct urogenital involvement, but a slight decline in semen quality. Hormonal profiles remained normal. Patients with longer recovery time had lower total sperm count. Further research and follow-up on reproductive function are recommended in the following months.

ANDROLOGY (2021)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Semen impairment and occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in semen after recovery from COVID-19

M. Gacci et al.

Summary: A prospective study on 43 sexually active men who recovered from SARS-CoV2 revealed that 25% of the men had oligo-crypto-azoospermia. Pathological levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in semen were found in 76.7% of the patients. Findings suggest a significant relationship between oligo-crypto-azoospermia and the severity of COVID-19.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Affects Male Reproductive Hormone Levels: A Prospective, Cohort Study

Mustafa Kadihasanoglu et al.

Summary: This study compared male reproductive hormone levels between patients with COVID-19, non-COVID-19 respiratory tract infection cases, and controls, finding that COVID-19 is associated with decreased TT levels and increased LH and prolactin levels. More severe COVID-19 leads to greater reduction in TT levels and prolonged hospitalization.

JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

An Online Questionnaire Survey on the Sexual Life and Sexual Function of Chinese Adult Men During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic

Dong Fang et al.

Summary: The study found that during the COVID-19 epidemic, a certain proportion of adult men experienced decreased sexual function, with risk factors including increased anxiety and depression, and decreased frequency of sexual activity.

SEXUAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Testosterone's Role in COVID-19

Jeremy M. Auerbach et al.

Summary: COVID-19 consistently shows higher mortality in males, with sex hormones like testosterone playing a role in modulating the immune response. Understanding these epidemiological findings can lead to a more effective response to the disease.

JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Andrology

Mask up to keep it up: Preliminary evidence of the association between erectile dysfunction and COVID-19

Andrea Sansone et al.

Summary: A study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of ED among COVID-19 patients, with COVID-19 having a significant effect on the development of ED. Individuals with ED were also found to be more likely to contract COVID-19, indicating a potential bidirectional association between the two conditions.

ANDROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Circulating Sex Hormones With Inflammation and Disease Severity in Patients With COVID-19

Sandeep Dhindsa et al.

Summary: This study found that lower testosterone concentrations in male COVID-19 patients were associated with increased disease severity and inflammation. Estradiol and IGF-1 concentrations were not associated with COVID-19 severity in men. Changes in hormone signaling pathways in monocytes may not correspond to the severity of the disease in COVID-19 patients.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Andrology

COVID-19 Endothelial Dysfunction Can Cause Erectile Dysfunction: Histopathological, Immunohistochemical , and Ultrastructural Study of the Human Penis

Eliyahu Kresch et al.

Summary: The study identified the presence of COVID-19 virus in penile tissue long after initial infection, as well as suggested that widespread endothelial cell dysfunction from COVID-19 infection may contribute to erectile dysfunction. This study lays the groundwork for further research into the molecular mechanisms by which COVID-19 infection leads to ED.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH (2021)

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Article Andrology

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Human Semen and Effect on Total Sperm Number: A Prospective Observational Study

Jordan C. Best et al.

Summary: The study investigated the presence of viral RNA in semen and its impact on semen parameters in men with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lower the total sperm number in ejaculate in the acute setting, but the virus was not detected in semen samples from recovered men. Further evaluation is needed to determine if SARS-CoV-2 can affect long-term spermatogenic function.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH (2021)

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Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

TMPRSS2 activity may mediate sex differences in COVID-19 severity

Derick Okwan-Duodu et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Article Andrology

Histopathology and Ultrastructural Findings of Fatal COVID-19 Infections on Testis

Justin K. Achua et al.

Summary: The study found that the novel COVID-19 virus has an affinity for ACE-2 receptors in the testes, potentially leading to infection in testes tissue. There is a direct association between ACE-2 receptor levels and impairment of spermatogenesis, suggesting a possible mechanism for how COVID-19 can cause infertility.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia

Qun Li et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Oncology

Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N=4532)

M. Montopoli et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Lifestyle risk factors, inflammatory mechanisms, and COVID-19 hospitalization: A community-based cohort study of 387,109 adults in UK

Mark Hamer et al.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann et al.

CELL (2020)

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Letter Urology & Nephrology

Expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, and TMPRSS2 in Prostate Epithelial Cells

Hanbing Song et al.

EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2020)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Coronavirus disease-19 and fertility: viral host entry protein expression in male and female reproductive tissues

Kate E. Stanley et al.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2020)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in human semen-a cohort study

Nora Holtmann et al.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2020)

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Editorial Material Immunology

COVID-19: A New Virus, but a Familiar Receptor and Cytokine Release Syndrome

Toshio Hirano et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Biology

Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes

Xixi Liu et al.

SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Prevention and therapy of COVID-19 via exogenous estrogen treatment for both male and female patients

Zsuzsanna Suba

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Dermatology

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to be androgen mediated

Carlos Gustavo Wambier et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe

Catherine Gebhard et al.

BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality

Jian-Min Jin et al.

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

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Letter Oncology

Does androgen deprivation therapy protect against severe complications from COVID-19?

V. G. Patel et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

No evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in semen of males recovering from coronavirus disease 2019

Feng Pan et al.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Diangeng Li et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2020)

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Letter Oncology

Androgen deprivation therapy in unlikely to be effective for treatment of COVID-19

M. E. O'Callaghan et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

A race to determine what drives COVID-19 severity

Marios Koutsakos et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A vaccine targeting the RBD of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces protective immunity

Jingyun Yang et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Editorial Material Urology & Nephrology

Understanding the Complex Relationship Between Androgens and SARS-CoV2

Jesse Ory et al.

UROLOGY (2020)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Structural features of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Targets for vaccination

Ariane Sternberg et al.

LIFE SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Reproductive Biology

The absence of coronavirus in expressed prostatic secretion in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan city

Shiqi Zhang et al.

REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Sex differences in severity and mortality from COVID-19: are males more vulnerable?

Ajay Pradhan et al.

BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES (2020)

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Review Immunology

ACE2/ADAM17/TMPRSS2 Interplay May Be the Main Risk Factor for COVID-19

Donato Zipeto et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Pathological Findings in the Testes of COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Implications

Ming Yang et al.

EUROPEAN UROLOGY FOCUS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission

Hannah Peckham et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Review Physiology

Coronavirus Disease-19 Infection: Implications on Male Fertility and Reproduction

Annalisa Navarra et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

A Systematic Review on the Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in Semen

Daniel C. Gonzalez et al.

RESEARCH AND REPORTS IN UROLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

RBD-Fc-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate induces highly potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody response

Zezhong Liu et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates

Yetian Dong et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

The vascular endothelium: the cornerstone of organ dysfunction in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection

Stephanie Pons et al.

CRITICAL CARE (2020)

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Review Virology

Membrane binding proteins of coronaviruses

Entedar A. J. Alsaadi et al.

FUTURE VIROLOGY (2019)

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Review Virology

The Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Is a Multifunctional Protein

Ruth McBride et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2014)

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Article Pathology

TMPRSS2, a Serine Protease Expressed in the Prostate on the Apical Surface of Luminal Epithelial Cells and Released into Semen in Prostasomes, Is Misregulated in Prostate Cancer Cells

Ya-Wen Chen et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2010)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) homolog, ACE2, is selectively expressed by adult Leydig cells of the testis

GC Douglas et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY (2004)

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Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on male reproductive health

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