Data Proliferation, Reconciliation and Synthesis in Viral Ecology

The fields of viral ecology and evolution are rapidly expanding, motivated in part by concerns around emerging zoonoses. One consequence is the proliferation of host-virus association data, which underpin viral macroecology and zoonotic risk prediction but remain fragmented across numerous data portals. In the present article, we propose that synthesis of host-virus data is a central challenge to characterize the global virome and develop foundational theory in viral ecology. To illustrate this, we build an open database of mammal host-virus associations that reconciles four published data sets. We show that this offers a substantially richer view of the known virome than any individual source data set but also that databases such as these risk becoming out of date as viral discovery accelerates. We argue for a shift in practice toward the development, incremental updating and use of synthetic data sets in viral ecology, to improve replicability and facilitate work to predict the structure and dynamics of the global virome.

Automated summary

The fields of viral ecology and evolution are rapidly expanding, with a central challenge being the synthesis of host-virus data. Establishing an open database of host-virus associations can provide a richer view of the known virome, but there is also a risk of databases becoming outdated as viral discovery accelerates. Shifting towards the development and use of synthetic data sets in viral ecology is argued for, to improve replicability and facilitate predictions about the global virome structure and dynamics.