期刊
BIOMATERIALS
卷 274, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120828
关键词
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资金
- NIH R35 [HL145000]
- NIH R21 [EB026591]
- NIH R01 [HL155330]
- American Society of Hematology Minority Medical Student Award Program Fellowship
- NSF [1809566]
- NSF CAREER [1255288]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [1255288] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1809566] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Researchers discovered that platelets utilize a new emergent behavior, asynchrono-mechanical amplification, to enhance material contraction and magnify contractile forces. This behavior, triggered by the heterogeneity in the timing of a population of actuators, indicates that cell heterogeneity plays an essential biophysical function in cell-matrix biomaterials.
Physiological processes such as blood clotting and wound healing as well as pathologies such as fibroses and musculoskeletal contractures, all involve biological materials composed of a contracting cellular population within a fibrous matrix, yet how the microscale interactions among the cells and the matrix lead to the resultant emergent behavior at the macroscale tissue level remains poorly understood. Platelets, the anucleate cell fragments that do not divide nor synthesize extracellular matrix, represent an ideal model to study such systems. During blood clot contraction, microscopic platelets actively pull fibers to shrink the macroscale clot to less than 10% of its initial volume. We discovered that platelets utilize a new emergent behavior, asynchrono-mechanical amplification, to enhanced volumetric material contraction and to magnify contractile forces. This behavior is triggered by the heterogeneity in the timing of a population of actuators. This result indicates that cell heterogeneity, often attributed to stochastic cell-to-cell variability, can carry an essential biophysical function, thereby highlighting the importance of considering 4 dimensions (space + time) in cell-matrix biomaterials. This concept of amplification via heterogeneity can be harnessed to increase mechanical efficiency in diverse systems including implantable biomaterials, swarm robotics, and active polymer composites.
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