TEM Analyses of Unusual Presolar Silicon Carbide: Insights into the Range of Circumstellar Dust Condensation Conditions

Presolar silicon carbide (SiC) grains in meteoritic samples can help constrain circumstellar condensation processes and conditions in C-rich stars and core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). This study presents our findings on eight presolar SiC grains from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars (four mainstream and one Y grain) and CCSNe (three X grains), chosen on the basis of mu-Raman spectral features that were indicative of their having unusual non-3C polytypes and/or high degrees of crystal disorder. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which provides elemental compositional and structural information, shows evidence for complex histories for the grains. Our TEM results confirm the presence of non-3C,2H crystal domains. Minor-element heterogeneities and/or subgrains were observed in all grains analyzed for their compositions. The C/O ratios inferred for the parent stars varied from 0.98 to >= 1.03. Our data show that SiC condensation can occur under a wide range of conditions, in which environmental factors other than temperature (e.g., pressure, gas composition, heterogeneous nucleation on precondensed phases) play a significant role. Based on previous mu-Raman studies, similar to 10% of SiC grains may have infrared (IR) spectral features that are influenced by crystal defects, porosity, and/or subgrains. Future sub-diffraction-limited IR measurements of complex SiC grains might shed further light on the relative contributions of each of these features to the shape and position of the characteristic IR 11 mu m SiC feature and thus improve the interpretation of IR spectra of AGB stars like those that produced the presolar SiC grains.

Automated summary

This study examines eight presolar SiC grains from AGB stars and CCSNe with unique mu-Raman spectral features, revealing complex crystal structures and elemental compositions, including non-3C,2H crystal domains and minor-element heterogeneities. The findings suggest that SiC condensation can occur under various conditions beyond temperature, and future research on complex SiC grains may improve interpretation of IR spectra from AGB stars.