期刊
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS REVIEW
卷 29, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00159-021-00132-9
关键词
Stars: fundamental parameters; Stars: evolution; Stars: binaries: eclipsing; Stars: planetary systems; Galaxy: stellar content; Methods: numerical; Asteroseismology
资金
- MICINN [ESP2017-82674-R, PID2019108709GB-I00]
- AGAUR [2017-SGR-1131]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [670519: MAMSIE]
- KU Leuven Research Council [C16/18/005: PARADISE]
- Lise Meitner grant from the Max Planck Society
- Heidelberg University, of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [SFB 881]
- Independent Research Fund Denmark [7027-00096B]
- Carlsberg foundation [CF19-0649]
- Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF106]
- Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) [ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, PGC2018-098153-B-C33]
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) [ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, PGC2018-098153-B-C33]
- Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA programme)
- Royal Society (University Research Fellowships)
- European Research Council [ERC-CoG-646928]
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) [ZKD1501-00-W01, 792848]
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Swedish Research Council [2016-03412]
- CRT foundation [2018.2323]
- LSST-Italy
- project MITiC 2015
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [749962]
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) [PD/BD/113744/2015]
- FEDER -Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 -Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI)
- Portuguese funds through FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030389]
- Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ research Grant) [IP-2014-09-8656]
- European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [677706]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PD/BD/113744/2015] Funding Source: FCT
The mass of a star is crucial for its structure, evolution, and final fate, with various methods in astronomy available to estimate or determine it. This includes both direct and model-independent approaches, as well as indirect and model-dependent methods, along with the emerging field of quantitative asteroseismology. Different evolutionary stages of stars have corresponding methods, leading to a comprehensive list of benchmark stars with recommended combination of methods for determining a "mass-ladder" for stars.
The mass of a star is the most fundamental parameter for its structure, evolution, and final fate. It is particularly important for any kind of stellar archaeology and characterization of exoplanets. There exist a variety of methods in astronomy to estimate or determine it. In this review we present a significant number of such methods, beginning with the most direct and model-independent approach using detached eclipsing binaries. We then move to more indirect and model-dependent methods, such as the quite commonly used isochrone or stellar track fitting. The arrival of quantitative asteroseismology has opened a completely new approach to determine stellar masses and to complement and improve the accuracy of other methods. We include methods for different evolutionary stages, from the pre-main sequence to evolved (super)giants and final remnants. For all methods uncertainties and restrictions will be discussed. We provide lists of altogether more than 200 benchmark stars with relative mass accuracies between [0.3, 2]% for the covered mass range of M is an element of [0.1, 16] M-circle dot, 75% of which are stars burning hydrogen in their core and the other 25% covering all other evolved stages. We close with a recommendation how to combine various methods to arrive at a mass-ladder'' for stars.
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