期刊
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
卷 656, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140695
关键词
galaxies: structure; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: star formation
资金
- Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PID2019-106027GA-C44]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [694343]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [1615105, 1615109, 1653300]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under ADAP grants [NNX16AF48G, NNX17AF39G]
- German Research Foundation (DFG) via the collaborative research centre [SFB 881, 138713538]
- Heidelberg Cluster of Excellence STRUCTURES in the framework of Germany's Excellence Strategy [EXC-2181/1, 390900948]
- European Research Council via the ERC Synergy Grant ECOGAL [855130]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [694343, 721463, 726384/Empire]
- Academy of Finland [297738]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [KR4801/1-1, KR4598/2-1]
- DFG Sachbeihilfe [KR4801/2-1, BI1546/3-1]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme via the ERC Starting Grant MUSTANG [714907]
- National Science Foundation [1903946]
- MINECO/FEDER [AYA2016-79006-P]
- MICINN [PID2019-108765GB-I00]
- Programme National Cosmology et Galaxies (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU
- INP
- IN2P3
- CEA
- CNES
- Programme National 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU
- INC/INP - CEA
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2017-03987]
- Spanish funding grant (MINECO/FEDER) [AYA2016-79006-P]
- Spanish funding grant (MCIU/AEI/FEDER) [PGC2018-094671-B-I00]
- Spanish funding grant (MICINN) [PID2019-108765GB-I00]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [138713538 - SFB 881]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [1903946] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
We investigated the impact of different environments on the molecular gas content, star formation rate, and depletion time in 74 nearby galaxies. Our findings suggest that the stellar structures in galaxies strongly affect the organization of molecular gas and star formation, but have a more subtle impact on star formation efficiency.
We identify stellar structures in the PHANGS sample of 74 nearby galaxies and construct morphological masks of sub-galactic environments based on Spitzer 3.6 mu m images. At the simplest level, we distinguish five environments: centres, bars, spiral arms, interarm regions, and discs without strong spirals. Slightly more sophisticated masks include rings and lenses, which are publicly released but not explicitly used in this paper. We examine trends with environment in the molecular gas content, star formation rate, and depletion time using PHANGS-ALMA CO(2-1) intensity maps and tracers of star formation. The interarm regions and discs without strong spirals clearly dominate in area, whereas molecular gas and star formation are quite evenly distributed among the five basic environments. We reproduce the molecular Kennicutt-Schmidt relation with a slope compatible with unity within the uncertainties and without significant slope differences among environments. In contrast to what has been suggested by early studies, we find that bars are not always deserts devoid of gas and star formation, but instead they show large diversity. Similarly, spiral arms do not account for most of the gas and star formation in disc galaxies, and they do not have shorter depletion times than the interarm regions. Spiral arms accumulate gas and star formation, without systematically boosting the star formation efficiency. Centres harbour remarkably high surface densities and on average shorter depletion times than other environments. Centres of barred galaxies show higher surface densities and wider distributions compared to the outer disc; yet, depletion times are similar to unbarred galaxies, suggesting highly intermittent periods of star formation when bars episodically drive gas inflow, without enhancing the central star formation efficiency permanently. In conclusion, we provide quantitative evidence that stellar structures in galaxies strongly affect the organisation of molecular gas and star formation, but their impact on star formation efficiency is more subtle.
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