期刊
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
卷 654, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202141078
关键词
supernovae: general; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: mass-loss
资金
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2021M691821]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [12033003, 11633002, 11325313, 11761141001]
- National Program on Key Research and Development Project [2016YFA0400803]
- NSF [AST-1911225, AST-1813176, AST-2008108, AST-1238877]
- NSFC [11803021]
- Startup Fund for Youngman Research at SJTU
- H2020 ERC grant [758638]
- Royal Society - Science Foundation Ireland University Research Fellowship
- PRIN-INAF 2017 of Toward
- MIUR, PRIN 2017 [20179ZF5KS]
- Italian Space Agency (ASI) [2013-016-R.0]
- Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) [RYC2019-027683]
- Spanish MICIU project [PID2020-115253GA-I00]
- Jenny and Antti Wihuri foundation
- Vilho, Yrjo and Kalle Vaisala foundation
- ANID BECAS/DOCTORADO NACIONAL [21202412]
- Polish NCN MAESTRO grant [2014/14/A/ST9/00121]
- Villum FONDEN [13261, 28021]
- Independent Research Fund Denmark [8021-00170B]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme
- Department of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia [FEDER-UCA18-107404]
- ANID project Basal [AFB-170002]
- Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation
- Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey for Transient Objects - PESSTO [184.D-1140, 188.D-3003]
- Instrument Centre for Danish Astrophysics (IDA)
- University of Copenhagen
- NOTSA
- UK Science and Technology Facilities Council
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NASA [NN12AR55G, 80NSSC18K0284, 80NSSC18K1575]
- Kepler/K2 grant [J1944/80NSSC19K0112]
- HST [GO-15889]
- STFC [ST/T000198/1, ST/S006109/1]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AR22G]
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/T000198/1, ST/S006109/1] Funding Source: researchfish
The study presents the spectroscopic and photometric analysis of five intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs) with similar observational properties, potentially triggered by the explosion of a super-asymptotic giant branch star forming an electron-capture supernova.
We present the spectroscopic and photometric study of five intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs), namely AT 2010dn, AT 2012jc, AT 2013la, AT 2013lb, and AT 2018aes. They share common observational properties and belong to a family of objects similar to the prototypical ILRT SN 2008S. These events have a rise time that is less than 15 days and absolute peak magnitudes of between -11.5 and -14.5 mag. Their pseudo-bolometric light curves peak in the range 0.5-9.0 x 10(40) erg s(-1) and their total radiated energies are on the order of (0.3-3) x 10(47) erg. After maximum brightness, the light curves show a monotonic decline or a plateau, resembling those of faint supernovae IIL or IIP, respectively. At late phases, the light curves flatten, roughly following the slope of the Co-56 decay. If the late-time power source is indeed radioactive decay, these transients produce Ni-56 masses on the order of 10(-4) to 10(-3) M-circle dot. The spectral energy distribution of our ILRT sample, extending from the optical to the mid-infrared (MIR) domain, reveals a clear IR excess soon after explosion and non-negligible MIR emission at very late phases. The spectra show prominent H lines in emission with a typical velocity of a few hundred km s(-1), along with Ca II features. In particular, the [Ca II] lambda 7291,7324 doublet is visible at all times, which is a characteristic feature for this family of transients. The identified progenitor of SN 2008S, which is luminous in archival Spitzer MIR images, suggests an intermediate-mass precursor star embedded in a dusty cocoon. We propose the explosion of a super-asymptotic giant branch star forming an electron-capture supernova as a plausible explanation for these events.
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