期刊
ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT
卷 63, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101074
关键词
Phasmatodea; Morphology; Respiration; Spiracle; Chordotonal organ; Vibration
类别
资金
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [STR 1329/21]
The study focused on the investigation of tracheae in the prothorax and foreleg of three species of stick insects. The tracheae originate from the mesothoracic spiracle and enter the foreleg, fusing at the femur-tibia joint before splitting again in the proximal tibia. The tracheal system in stick insects is homologous to those in Tettigoniidae (bushcrickets) and shows characteristics indicating a respiratory function.
Arthropod respiration depends on the tracheal system running from spiracles at the body surface through the body and appendages. Here, three species of stick insects (Carausius morosus, Ramulus artemis, Sipyloidea sipylus) are investigated for the tracheae in the prothorax and foreleg. The origin of the tracheae from the mesothoracic spiracle that enter the foreleg is identified: five tracheae originate from the mesothoracic spiracle, of which two enter the foreleg (supraventral trachea, trachea pedalis anterior). These two tracheae run separately through the leg to the femur-tibia joint where they fuse, but in the proximal tibia split again into two tracheae. The leg tracheae in stick insects are homologous to those in Tettigoniidae (bushcrickets). Stick insects have two chordotonal organs in the proximal tibia (subgenual organ and distal organ) which locate dorsally of the leg trachea. The tracheal system shows no adaptation specific to the propagation of airborne sound, like enlarged spiracles or tracheal volumes. Tracheal vesicles form in the tibia proximally to the mechanosensory organs, but no tracheal sacks or expansions occur at the level of the sensory organs that could mediate the detection of airborne sound or amplify substrate vibrations transmitted in the hemolymph fluid. Rather, the morphological characteristics indicate a respiratory function. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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