The Airway Microbiome: Present and Future Applications

Article Respiratory System

A high-risk airway mycobiome is associated with frequent exacerbation and mortality in COPD

Pei Yee Tiew et al.

Summary: The airway mycobiome in COPD is characterized by specific fungal genera associated with exacerbations and increased mortality. Changes in fungal diversity during acute exacerbations are inversely related to 2-year mortality rates.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Episodic Aspiration with Oral Commensals Induces a MyD88-dependent, Pulmonary T-Helper Cell Type 17 Response that Mitigates Susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae

Benjamin G. Wu et al.

Summary: The study found that aspiration with oral commensals in mice led to short-term lower-airway dysbiosis, but induced a prolonged inflammatory response, including IL-17-producing T cells, lasting at least 14 days. Furthermore, aspiration with oral commensals decreased hosts' susceptibility to respiratory challenge with S. pneumoniae.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Integrative microbiomics in bronchiectasis exacerbations

Micheal Mac Aogain et al.

Summary: Bronchiectasis patients at greater risk of exacerbation exhibit less complex microbial co-occurrence networks, reduced diversity, and higher levels of antagonistic interactions in their airway microbiome. Incorporating microbial interaction data improves clinical prediction models for exacerbation risk. Antimicrobial strategies could potentially target interaction networks rather than individual microbes, offering a new approach to understanding respiratory infections.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Respiratory System