Characterizing the proteome of bullous pemphigoid blister fluid utilizing tandem mass tag labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by autoantibodies against components of the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Autoantibodies lead to complement-dependent and -independent inflammation and blistering. Blister fluid is a valuable biologic resource, as it provides insight into both systemic and local microenvironment responses. Here, we utilized liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the bullous pemphigoid blister fluid proteome. We then depleted exosomes to better understand the exosomal versus non-exosomal proteome. We identified 339 proteins in the blister fluid of bullous pemphigoid patients. Gene ontology demonstrated enrichment of several key biologic processes including innate immune response, neutrophil degranulation, platelet degranulation, and complement activation. Exosome depletion resulted in a significant decrease in normalized reporter intensities of 192 proteins, consistent with our observation of a large number of exosomal proteins found in the blister fluid. We then compared the bullous pemphigoid blister fluid proteome to prior proteomic datasets in suction blister fluid, snake bites, and thermal burns, identifying 76 proteins unique to bullous pemphigoid. These include major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, galectin-10, and the immunoglobulin epsilon heavy constant region, consistent with tissue eosinophilia. We lastly validated several previously reported blister fluid exosomal components. Blister fluid in bullous pemphigoid contains a mixture of numerous biologic processes. While many of these processes are shared with blistering from alternative causes, we have identified several notable features unique to bullous pemphigoid.

Automated summary

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies against the skin basement membrane. Analysis of blister fluid proteome revealed specific biological processes and a high presence of exosomal proteins. Comparison with other conditions identified unique proteins related to bullous pemphigoid.