期刊
APPLIED ENERGY
卷 298, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117184
关键词
Off-grid smart home; Flexible demand; Vehicle-to-home; Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
The emergence of novel demand-side management strategies is changing the way residential consumers are categorized, leading to a more efficient management of domestic assets. Proper consideration of these strategies in the design stages plays a crucial role in planning electrification systems for isolated homes.
The emergence of novel demand-side management strategies is provoking that residential consumers cannot be longer categorized as inflexible loads. In that sense, new paradigms such as flexible demand and vehicle-to-home capabilities have appeared on pursuing a more efficient management of the different domestic assets such as smart appliances, small renewable generators and storage facilities. Consideration of such kind of management strategies plays a vital role on designing stages of electrifications systems for isolated homes. In this regard, a proper evaluation of possible demand-side capabilities enables a more accurate evaluation of the electrification project. This paper tackles this issue by developing a Mixed Integer Linear Programming formulation for optimal planning of electrification systems for off-grid dwellings. The developed framework allows to incorporate and analyse advanced demand-side strategies such as deferrable loads and vehicle-to-home processes by evaluating different project costs over various time horizons. The proposed approach is applied to a benchmark off-grid residential case study and various results are provided and analysed. As the most relevant result, it is worth remarking that total project cost can be reduced by -21.2% and -25.73% by considering flexible demand and vehicle-to-home capabilities, respectively. Nevertheless, the highest monetary savings were achieved when both strategies are jointly adopted, reducing the total project cost up to -41.5%. The reported results demonstrate the importance of considering the different demand-side strategies on planning stages of electrification systems for off-grid dwellings.
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