期刊
EVOLUTION
卷 70, 期 9, 页码 2033-2048出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1111/evo.13002
关键词
Bioluminescence; contrast hypothesis; emission spectrum; Lampyridae; reflectance hypothesis; sensitivity hypothesis
资金
- University of Georgia Research Foundation
- National Science Foundation [DEB-0074953, DEB-1311315]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH [T32GM007103]
- University of Georgia center for undergraduate research
Firefly species (Lampyridae) vary in the color of their adult bioluminescence. It has been hypothesized that color is selected to enhance detection by conspecifics. One mechanism to improve visibility of the signal is to increase contrast against ambient light. High contrast implies that fireflies active early in the evening will emit yellower luminescence to contrast against ambient light reflected from green vegetation, especially in habitats with high vegetation cover. Another mechanism to improve visibility is to use reflection off the background to enhance the light signal. Reflectance predicts that sedentary females will produce greener light to maximize reflection off the green vegetation on which they signal. To test these predictions, we recorded over 7500 light emission spectra and determined peak emission wavelength for 675 males, representing 24 species, at 57 field sites across the Eastern United States. We found support for both hypotheses: males active early in more vegetated habitats produced yellower flashes in comparison to later-active males with greener flashes. Further, in two of the eight species with female data, female light emissions were significantly greener as compared to males.
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