期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 59, 2021
卷 59, 期 -, 页码 423-445出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-115813
关键词
chloroplast immunity; reactive oxygen species; PTI; ETI; systemic immunity; retrograde signaling; lipids; plasmodesmata
资金
- BBSRC/UKRI [BB/P002560/1]
- Elizabeth Creak Trust
- National Science Foundation IOS [051909, 0817818]
- Kentucky Soybean Board
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture
- National Science Foundation MCB [1846245]
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1846245] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- BBSRC [BB/P002560/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Chloroplasts play a crucial role in plant immune signaling by generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and important signaling lipids for immunity. Pathogens target chloroplasts to weaken plant immune responses.
Chloroplasts are key players in plant immune signaling, contributing to not only de novo synthesis of defensive phytohormones but also the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species following activation of pattern recognition receptors or resistance (R) proteins. The local hypersensitive response (HR) elicited by R proteins is underpinned by chloroplast-generated reactive oxygen species. HR-induced lipid peroxidation generates important chloroplast-derived signaling lipids essential to the establishment of systemic immunity. As a consequence of this pivotal role in immunity, pathogens deploy effector complements that directly or indirectly target chloroplasts to attenuate chloroplast immunity (CI). Our review summarizes the current knowledge of CI signaling and highlights common pathogen chloroplast targets and virulence strategies. We address emerging insights into chloroplast retrograde signaling in immune responses and gaps in our knowledge, including the importance of understanding chloroplast heterogeneity and chloroplast involvement in intraorganellular interactions in host immunity.
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