The Biology of Chernobyl

Environmental disasters offer the unique opportunity for landscape-scale ecological and evolutionary studies that are not possible in the laboratory or small experimental plots. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl (1986) allows for rigorous analyses of radiation effects on individuals and populations at an ecosystem scale. Here, the current state of knowledge related to populations within the Chernobyl region of Ukraine and Belarus following the largest civil nuclear accident in history is reviewed. There is now a significant literature that provides contrasting and occasionally conflicting views of the state of animals and how they are affected by this mutagenic stressor. Studies of genetic and physiological effects have largely suggested significant injuries to individuals inhabiting the more radioactive areas of the Chernobyl region. Most population censuses for most species suggest that abundances are reduced in the more radioactive areas.

Automated summary

Environmental disasters provide a unique opportunity for large-scale ecological and evolutionary studies that are not feasible in controlled environments. The Chernobyl nuclear accident has allowed for detailed analysis of radiation effects on individuals and populations at an ecosystem level. Research on the populations within the Chernobyl region presents conflicting views on the impact of radiation, with studies suggesting significant injuries to individuals in the more radioactive areas and overall reduced abundances for most species in these areas.