期刊
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
卷 1500, 期 1, 页码 134-144出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14618
关键词
language; meaning; semantics; psycholinguistics; vision
资金
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- National Science Foundation [BCS-2017525]
- NRT Award [DGE-1449815]
Through comparing the meanings of "most" and "more," this study demonstrates how subtle differences between them influence participants' behaviors. The results of the experiments show that these differences affect how people organize and process visual information.
Natural languages like English connect pronunciations with meanings. Linguistic pronunciations can be described in ways that relate them to our motor system (e.g., to the movement of our lips and tongue). But how do linguistic meanings relate to our nonlinguistic cognitive systems? As a case study, we defend an explicit proposal about the meaning of most by comparing it to the closely related more: whereas more expresses a comparison between two independent subsets, most expresses a subset-superset comparison. Six experiments with adults and children demonstrate that these subtle differences between their meanings influence how participants organize and interrogate their visual world. In otherwise identical situations, changing the word from most to more affects preferences for picture-sentence matching (experiments 1-2), scene creation (experiments 3-4), memory for visual features (experiment 5), and accuracy on speeded truth judgments (experiment 6). These effects support the idea that the meanings of more and most are mental representations that provide detailed instructions to conceptual systems.
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