Bridge Functionalisation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives

Escaping from flatland, by increasing the saturation level and three-dimensionality of drug-like compounds, can enhance their potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic profile. One approach that has attracted considerable recent attention is the bioisosteric replacement of aromatic rings, internal alkynes and tert-butyl groups with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) units. While functionalisation of the tertiary bridgehead positions of BCP derivatives is well-documented, functionalisation of the three concyclic secondary bridge positions remains an emerging field. The unique properties of the BCP core present considerable synthetic challenges to the development of such transformations. However, the bridge positions provide novel vectors for drug discovery and applications in materials science, providing entry to novel chemical and intellectual property space. This Minireview aims to consolidate the major advances in the field, serving as a useful reference to guide further work that is expected in the coming years.

Automated summary

By replacing aromatic rings, internal alkynes, and tert-butyl groups with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) units, the saturation level and three-dimensionality of drug-like compounds can be increased to enhance their potency and selectivity. While functionalization of the tertiary bridgehead positions of BCP derivatives is well-studied, functionalization of the three concyclic secondary bridge positions is still a developing field. The unique properties of the BCP core present synthetic challenges but offer novel vectors for drug discovery and applications in materials science.