期刊
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
卷 414, 期 3, 页码 1217-1225出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03463-9
关键词
PFAS; HRMS; Soil; Paper; Perfluorinated carboxylic acids
资金
- project FluorTECH by the state of Baden-Wurttemberg [BWPFC 19010]
High concentrations of PFAS have been detected in agricultural soils in Southwest Germany, believed to be caused by discharges of contaminated paper sludge and compost. PFCAs have also been found in groundwater, drinking water, and plants in the area. New compounds have been identified through HRMS, with diPAPs and diSAmPAP being major contaminants.
High per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations have been detected in agricultural soils in Southwest Germany. Discharges of PFAS-contaminated paper sludge and compost are suspected to be the cause of the contamination. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) have been detected also in groundwater, drinking water, and plants in this area. Recently, previously unknown compounds have been identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Major contaminants were polyfluorinated dialkylated phosphate esters (diPAPs) and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol-based phosphate diester (diSAmPAP). In this study, HRMS screening for PFAS was applied to 14 soil samples from the contaminated area and 14 impregnated paper samples which were from a similar period than the contamination. The paper samples were characterized by diPAPs (from 4:2/6:2 to 12:2/12:2), fluorotelomer mercapto alkyl phosphates (FTMAPs; 6:2/6:2 to 10:2/10:2), and diSAmPAP. In soil samples, diPAPs and their transformation products (TPs) were the major contaminants, but also FTMAPs, diSAmPAP, and their TPs occurred. The distribution patterns of the carbon chain lengths of the precursor PFAS in soil samples were shown to resemble those in paper samples. This supports the hypothesis that paper sludge is a major source of contamination. The presence of major degradation products like PFCAs, FTSAs, or PFOS and their distribution of carbon chain lengths indicate the activity of biotic or abiotic degradation processes and selective leaching processes from the upper soil horizons.
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