期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
卷 114, 期 3, 页码 893-906出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab152
关键词
choline; betaine; carnitine; dimethylglycine; cardiometabolic disease; biomarkers
资金
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). [R21 HL140375, R01 HL149779]
- Home Office [780-TETRA]
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
- MRC
- PHE [MR/L01341X/1]
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
- Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards [HPRU-2012-10141]
- National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the NIH
- NHLBI [HHSN268201500001I, HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169]
- University of Alabama at Birmingham [HHSN268201800005I, HHSN268201800007I]
- Northwestern University [HHSN268201800003I]
- University of Minnesota [HHSN268201800006I]
- Kaiser Foundation Research Institute [HHSN268201800004I]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81472966, 81273050, 81472965]
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China [2007032]
- NCI [U01 CA167552, P50 090381, CA176726, CA067262]
- NIH [R01 HL060944, R01 DK118062]
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079, UL1-TR001420]
- American Diabetes Association [1-18-PMF-029]
- Division of Cancer Prevention of the NCI
- Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics of the NCI at the NIH
- NCI at the NIH [U01 CA202979, UM1 CA182910, UM1 CA173640]
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center [P30 CA68485]
- Wellcome Trust [212904/Z/18/Z]
- MRC/British Heart Foundation Ancestry and Biological Informative Markers for Stratification of Hypertension (AIMHY) [MR/M016560/1]
- European Union
- Chronic Disease Research Foundation (CDRF)
- Zoe Global Ltd
- NIH
- NIHR
- Chronic Disease Research Foundation
- MRC Aim-Hy project grant
- .NHLBI [HHSN268201600018C, HHSN268201600001C, HHSN268201600002C, HHSN268201600003C, HHSN268201600004C, HHSN268201300008C]
- MRC [MR/L01341X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The study showed that circulating choline, carnitine, and DMG were associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profiles, while circulating betaine was associated with a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile.
Background: Choline is an essential nutrient; however, the associations of choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic risk remain unclear. Objective: We examined the associations of circulating choline, betaine, carnitine, and dimethylglycine (DMG) with cardiometabolic biomarkers and their potential dietary and nondietary determinants. Methods: The cross-sectional analyses included 32,853 participants from 17 studies, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. In each study, metabolites and biomarkers were log-transformed and standardized by means and SDs, and linear regression coefficients (beta) and 95% CIs were estimated with adjustments for potential confounders. Study-specific results were combined by random-effects meta-analyses. A false discovery rate <0.05 was considered significant. Results: We observed moderate positive associations of circulating choline, carnitinc, and DMG with creatinine [beta (95% CI): 0.136 (0.084, 0.188). 0.106 (0.045, 0.168), and 0.128 (0.087, 0.169), respectively, for each SD increase in biomarkers on the log scale], carnitine with triglycerides (beta = 0.076; 95% CI: 0.042, 0.109), homocysteine (beta = 0.064; 95% CI: 0.033, 0.095), and LDL cholesterol = 0.055; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.096), DMG with homocysteine (beta = 0.068; 95% CI: 0.023, 0.114), insulin (beta = 0.068; 95% CI: 0.043, 0.093), and IL-6 (beta = 0.060; 95% CI: 0.027, 0.094), but moderate inverse associations of betaine with triglycerides (beta = -0.146; 95% CI: -0.188, -0.104), insulin (beta = -0.106; 95% CI: -0.130, -0.082). homocysteine = -0.097; 95% CI: -0.149, -0.045), and total cholesterol (beta = -0.074; 95% CI: -0.102. -0.047). In the whole pooled population. no dietary factor was associated with circulating choline; red meat intake was associated with circulating carnitine [beta = 0.092 (0.042, 0.142) for a 1 serving/d increase], whereas plant protein was associated with circulating betaine [beta = 0.249 (0.110, 0.388) for a 5% energy increase]. Demographics, lifestyle, and metabolic disease history showed differential associations with these metabolites. Conclusions: Circulating choline, carnitine, and DMG were associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profiles. whereas circulating betaine was associated with a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile. Future prospective studies are needed to examine the associations of these metabolites with incident cardiovascular events.
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