期刊
AMBIO
卷 51, 期 1, 页码 36-50出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01549-3
关键词
Agri-environment; CAP; HELCOM; Marine policy; Policy instrument; Rural development
资金
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
This study assesses the domestic implementation of measures to limit diffuse agricultural pollution in the Baltic Sea region, finding that larger countries face more challenges while smaller countries perform better, influenced by domestic politics. While there is significant potential to reduce agricultural pollution through the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, limitations in application exist.
Following decades of international collaboration to restore the Baltic Sea, we provide an assessment of the domestic implementation of measures agreed to limit diffuse agricultural pollution and the patterns of policy instruments applied. Despite the Helsinki Convention being unusually specific in detailing what measures countries should introduce, we find many shortcomings. These are most pronounced in the larger countries (Poland, Germany and Russia), while smaller countries perform better, notably Sweden and Estonia. The patterns of policy instruments applied differ, influenced by domestic politics. The limited use of complementary policy instruments suggests that other priorities overrule full and effective implementation, with engagement mirroring the advantages that a restored Baltic Sea can bring to countries. Using the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development to support farmers in managing nutrients, particularly advisory services and investments in modern manure management technologies, represents a significant opportunity for reducing agricultural pollution in most countries.
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