期刊
ADVANCED MATERIALS
卷 33, 期 34, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100091
关键词
biomaterials; cryotemplating; ice templating; polymers; porosity; unidirectional freezing
类别
资金
- Australia-Germany Joint Research Cooperation Scheme [57511255]
- NSW Health Cardiovascular Investigator Development Grant
- Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship [101896]
- Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
This review summarizes the fundamental principles, fabrication and characterization approaches, and biomedical applications of ice templating in polymer-based biomaterials. It describes the utility of porous scaffolds in biomedical applications, highlights biological mechanisms impacted by pore features, outlines the physical and thermodynamic mechanisms underpinning ice templating, describes common fabrication setups, critically evaluates complexities of ice templating specific to polymers, and discusses future directions in this field.
Porous scaffolds are widely used in biomedical applications where pore size and morphology influence a range of biological processes, including mass transfer of solutes, cellular interactions and organization, immune responses, and tissue vascularization, as well as drug delivery from biomaterials. Ice templating, one of the most widely utilized techniques for the fabrication of porous materials, allows control over pore morphology by controlling ice formation in a suspension of solutes. By fine-tuning freezing and solute parameters, ice templating can be used to incorporate pores with tunable morphological features into a wide range of materials using a simple, accessible, and scalable process. While soft matter is widely ice templated for biomedical applications and includes commercial and clinical products, the principles underpinning its ice templating are not reviewed as well as their inorganic counterparts. This review describes and critically evaluates fundamental principles, fabrication and characterization approaches, and biomedical applications of ice templating in polymer-based biomaterials. It describes the utility of porous scaffolds in biomedical applications, highlighting biological mechanisms impacted by pore features, outlines the physical and thermodynamic mechanisms underpinning ice templating, describes common fabrication setups, critically evaluates complexities of ice templating specific to polymers, and discusses future directions in this field.
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