Preclinical Cancer Theranostics-From Nanomaterials to Clinic: The Missing Link

Nanomaterials with cancer-imaging and therapeutic properties have emerged as the principal focus of nanotheranostics. The past decade has experienced a significant increase in research in the design, formulation, and preclinical and clinical trials of theranostic nanosystems. However, current theranostic nanoformulations have yet to be approved by the FDA for clinical use. Consequently, the present review focuses on the importance of the careful examination of the in vivo preclinical status of specific nanotheranostic materials as a prerequisite for their clinical translation. The scope of coverage is structured according to all of the major organic, inorganic, 2D, and hybrid nanotheranostic materials and their in vivo preclinical status. The therapeutic advantages and limitations of these materials in animal models are considered and the various strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of theranostic nanoparticles are summarized.

Automated summary

Nanomaterials with cancer-imaging and therapeutic properties have been a major focus of nanotheranostics. Significant progress has been made in research and clinical applications, but careful examination and evaluation of their specific in vivo preclinical status are still needed. This is crucial for the clinical translation of nanotheranostic materials, as it helps improve understanding of their biocompatibility and therapeutic effects.