Novel 2D MBenes-Synthesis, Structure, and Biotechnological Potential

2D transition metal borides (MBenes) have emerged as promising post-MXene materials with potential application in various biotechnological fields. Although they possess prospective bioactive properties due to boron in their structure, the experience gained from MXenes shows that an in-depth understanding of their biological recognition and response as well as the exploration of their biological applications are highly challenging. This makes the identification of the most promising 2D MBenes for future biological research and final industrial applications rather complicated. Herein, MBenes are differentiated from MXenes and further untangled for their bioactivity-generating features. It is expected that MBenes' positive or negative biological impact on living organisms and different types of cells connect with their morphological, structural and physicochemical features in the context of relevant environments. Necessary toxicological data are also highlighted, which are key aspects to enable MBenes' safe application in biotechnology and nanomedicine. Furthermore, a perspective for the rational development and design of novel biotechnological solutions based on MBenes is provided, which will meet the legal safety requirements for nanomaterials. In this regard, this work is an unprecedented contribution toward strategies for regulatory development for MBene/MXene-type nanomaterials. It provides an inspiration for future biotechnological and nanotoxicological approaches using MBenes.

Automated summary

This article explores the potential applications of 2D transition metal borides in biotechnological fields, emphasizing the importance of their bioactive properties and the need for a thorough understanding of their biological and toxicological characteristics. It also highlights the significance of collecting necessary toxicological data and ensuring the safe application of MBenes.