Vaccine delivery systems toward lymph nodes

Strategies of improving vaccine targeting ability toward lymph nodes have been attracting considerable interest in recent years, though there are remaining delivery barriers based on the inherent properties of lymphatic systems and limited administration routes of vaccination. Recently, emerging vaccine delivery systems using various materials as carriers are widely developed to achieve efficient lymph node targeting and improve vaccine-triggered adaptive immune response. In this review, to further optimize the vaccine targeting ability for future research, the design principles of lymph node targeting vaccine delivery based on the anatomy of lymph nodes and vaccine administration routes are first summarized. Then different designs of lymph node targeting vaccine delivery systems, including vaccine delivery systems in clinical applications, are carefully surveyed. Also, the challenges and opportunities of current delivery systems for vaccines are concluded in the end. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Recent years have seen a growing interest in strategies aimed at improving the ability of vaccines to target lymph nodes. Novel vaccine delivery systems using various materials as carriers have been developed to enhance lymph node targeting and boost vaccine-triggered immune responses.