Modification Approaches to Enhance Dehydration Properties of Sodium Alginate-Based Pervaporation Membranes

Transport characteristics of sodium alginate (SA) membranes cross-linked with CaCl2 and modified with fullerenol and fullerene derivative with L-arginine for pervaporation dehydration were improved applying various approaches, including the selection of a porous substrate for the creation of a thin selective SA-based layer, and the deposition of nano-sized polyelectrolyte (PEL) layers through the use of a layer-by-layer (Lbl) method. The impacts of commercial porous substrates made of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), regenerated cellulose, and aromatic polysulfone amide were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), standard porosimetry method, and water filtration. The effects of PEL combinations (such as poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS)/SA, PSS/chitosan, PSS/polyacrylic acid, PSS/poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) and the number of PEL bilayers deposited with the Lbl technique on the properties of the SA and SA/fullerene derivative membranes were studied by SEM, AFM, and contact angle measurements. The best characteristics were exhibited by a cross-linked PAN-supported SA/fullerenol (5%) membrane with five PSS/SA bilayers: permeation flux of 0.68-1.38 kg/(m(2)h), 0.18-1.55 kg/(m(2)h), and 0.50-1.15 kg/(m(2)h), and over 99.7, 99.0, and 89.0 wt.% water in the permeate for the pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol (12-70 wt.% water), ethanol (4-70 wt.% water), and tetrahydrofuran (5.7-70 wt.% water), respectively. It was demonstrated that the mutual application of bulk and surface modifications essentially improved the membrane's characteristics in pervaporation dehydration.

Automated summary

Transport characteristics of sodium alginate membranes were improved by cross-linking with CaCl2 and modification with fullerenol and fullerene derivative with L-arginine for pervaporation dehydration. Various approaches, such as creating a thin selective layer and depositing nano-sized polyelectrolyte layers, were applied. The impact of different porous substrates and PEL combinations on membrane properties were studied, showing the best performance in a PAN-supported SA/fullerenol membrane with five PSS/SA bilayers.