Green synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles by using walnut green skin extract as a reducing agent by using response surface methodology

This study made use of walnut green skin extract containing a high amount of phenolic compound, as a reducing agent to synthesize cobalt oxide. The nanoparticle were prepared by green synthesis identified and analyzed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and VSM. The results of the scanning electron microscopy show that the nanoparticles were 80 nanometers in size. XRD studies showed that synthesized nanoparticles have a cubic crystal structure and an Fd3m group. Measuring the magnetic properties of the cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the VSM indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles had super-magnetic properties. The systematic study of the process was performed using Design Expert 10 software to determine the relationship between the four process variables, namely cobalt concentration, extract volume, time, and temperature effect. The square model was significant for the response variables. The optimum green synthesis parameters for producing Co3O4 nanoparticles are the cobalt nitrate (50 mmol), extract volume (10 ml), time (92 min), and temperature (53 degrees C). The SEM image showed that the sizes of the synthesized Co3O4 NPs ranged from 60 to 80 nm.

Automated summary

This study successfully synthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles using walnut green skin extract as a reducing agent, and determined the properties of the particles and optimal synthesis parameters through a series of analyses.