Sagittal Relationship between the Maxillary Central Incisors and the Forehead in Digital Twins of Korean Adult Females

Objective: Digital twins of adult Korean females were created as a tool to evaluate and compare the sagittal relationship between the maxillary central incisors and the forehead before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods: Digital twins were reconstructed for a total of 50 adult female patients using facial scans and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisor and the forehead inclination were measured. Results: The control group presented a mean of 6.7 mm for the sagittal position and 17.5 degrees for forehead inclination. The study group showed a mean of 9.3 mm for the sagittal position and 13.6 degrees for forehead inclination. Most Korean females seeking orthodontic treatment had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. In contrast, fewer Korean females who completed their orthodontic treatments had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. Furthermore, patients who had completed the orthodontic treatment were more likely to have the maxillary central incisor between the forehead facial axis and glabella. Conclusion: The use of digital twins for three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the profile implies a high clinical significance. In addition, as the facial profile of Koreans is different from that of Caucasians, careful consideration should be made when setting treatment goals for the anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisors.

Automated summary

The study found that Korean females who had completed orthodontic treatment were more likely to have their maxillary central incisors positioned between the forehead facial axis and glabella compared to those seeking treatment. Digital twins were shown to be a significant tool for three-dimensional analysis of facial features with high clinical significance.