Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of nickel tungstate nanoparticles on poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly (4-styrene sulfonate) for the effective electrochemical detection of caffeic acid

Herein, the ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of NiWO4 nanoparticles on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) for the electrochemical determination of caffeic acid (CFA) was investigated systematically. The NiWO4 nanoparticles and NiWO4@PEDOT:PSSx nanocomposite were synthesised through high-intensity ultrasonication in a bath sonicator. The as-prepared materials distinct nature was evaluated using electron microscopic and spectroscopic analysis, and the electrocatalytic properties of the sensor materials were determined through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). CV examination indicated that the enhanced redox behaviour of CFA at a low potential is attributed to the incorporation of PEDOT:PSS into the NiWO4@PEDOT/PSS nanocomposite and their synergistic effects. The NiWO4@PEDOT:PSS sensors exhibited a low detection limit and high sensitivity of 74 nM and 969.49 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2) towards CFA in LSV. Overall, the proposed sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance and uncompromised essential sensor features, such as selectivity, stability, repeatability and reproducibility. The NiWO4@PEDOT:PSS sensors have good practical compatibility in CFA detection in commercial coffee/red wine samples and are thus potential practical sensors.

Automated summary

The ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of NiWO4 nanoparticles on PEDOT:PSS for the electrochemical determination of CFA showed excellent analytical performance and potential practical applications in commercial coffee/red wine samples. The nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced redox behavior of CFA with low detection limits and high sensitivity, showcasing promising sensor features such as stability and selectivity.