4.6 Article

Fecal Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Profiles of Kidney Transplant Recipients and Healthy Controls

期刊

DIAGNOSTICS
卷 11, 期 5, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050807

关键词

fecal metabolome; kidney transplantation; microbiota; biomarkers

资金

  1. Deputyship for Research & Innovation, University of Bisha, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia [UB-49-1442]

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This study found significant differences in fecal metabolites between kidney transplant recipients and healthy individuals, particularly in lipids. Changes in metabolic pathways also provide potential biomarkers for transplant recipients. Therefore, metabolomics may play a crucial role in monitoring kidney transplants.
Monitoring graft recipients remains dependent on traditional biomarkers and old technologies lacking specificity, sensitivity, or accuracy. Recently, metabolomics is becoming a promising approach that may offer to kidney transplants a more effective and specific monitoring. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggested a fundamental role of gut microbiota as an important determinant of patients' metabolomes. In the current study, we enrolled forty stable renal allografts recipients compared to twenty healthy individuals. Samples were taken at different time points from patient to patient following transplantation surgery, which varied from 3 months to 22 years post-graft. All patients started the immunosuppression therapy immediately following kidney graft (Day 0). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to perform untargeted analysis of fecal metabolites. Globally, the fecal metabolic signature was significantly different between kidney transplants and the control group. Fecal metabolome was dominated by lipids (sterols and fatty acids) in the stable transplant group compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Overall, 18 metabolites were significantly altered within kidney transplant recipients. Furthermore, the most notable altered metabolic pathways in kidney transplants include ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan biosynthesis, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Fecal metabolites could effectively distinguish stable transplant recipients from controls, supporting the potential utility of metabolomics in rapid and non-invasive diagnosis to produce relevant biomarkers and to help clinicians in monitoring kidney transplants. Further investigations are needed to clarify the physiological relevance of fecal metabolome and to assess the impact of microbiota modulation.

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