Oxidative Stress in Bacteria and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Ever since the great oxidation event, Earth's cellular life forms had to cope with the danger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) affecting the integrity of biomolecules and hampering cellular metabolism circuits. Consequently, increasing ROS levels in the biosphere represented growing stress levels and thus shaped the evolution of species. Whether the ROS were produced endogenously or exogenously, different systems evolved to remove the ROS and repair the damage they inflicted. If ROS outweigh the cell's capacity to remove the threat, we speak of oxidative stress. The injuries through oxidative stress in cells are diverse. This article reviews the damage oxidative stress imposes on the different steps of the central dogma of molecular biology in bacteria, focusing in particular on the RNA machines involved in transcription and translation.

Automated summary

Since the great oxidation event, Earth's cellular life forms have had to deal with reactive oxygen species (ROS) affecting biomolecules and cellular metabolism. Increased ROS levels in the biosphere represent growing stress and shape species evolution. Systems have evolved to remove ROS and repair damage, but oxidative stress occurs if ROS surpass the cell's capacity.