Cultivation-Based Quantification and Identification of Bacteria at Two Hygienic Key Sides of Domestic Washing Machines

Detergent drawer and door seal represent important sites for microbial life in domestic washing machines. Interestingly, quantitative data on the microbial contamination of these sites is scarce. Here, 10 domestic washing machines were swab-sampled for subsequent bacterial cultivation at four different sampling sites: detergent drawer and detergent drawer chamber, as well as the top and bottom part of the rubber door seal. The average bacterial load over all washing machines and sites was 2.1 +/- 1.0 x 10(4) CFU cm(-2) (average number of colony forming units +/- standard error of the mean (SEM)). The top part of the door seal showed the lowest contamination (11.1 +/- 9.2 x 10(1) CFU cm(-2)), probably due to less humidity. Out of 212 isolates, 178 (84%) were identified on the genus level, and 118 (56%) on the species level using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Biotyping, resulting in 29 genera and 40 identified species across all machines. The predominant bacterial genera were Staphylococcus and Micrococcus, which were found at all sites. 22 out of 40 species were classified as opportunistic pathogens, emphasizing the need for regular cleaning of the investigated sites.

Automated summary

The detergent drawer and door seal of domestic washing machines are important sites for microbial growth, which require regular cleaning to prevent bacterial contamination. Predominant bacterial genera identified in this study were Staphylococcus and Micrococcus, with some species classified as opportunistic pathogens.