The Roles of 2-Hydroxyglutarate

2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is structurally similar to alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), which is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; it can be generated by reducing the ketone group of alpha-KG to a hydroxyl group. The significant role that 2-HG plays has been certified in the pathophysiology of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2HGA), tumors harboring mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2mt), and in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is taken as an oncometabolite, raising much attention on its oncogenic mechanism. In recent years, 2-HG has been verified to accumulate in the context of hypoxia or acidic pH, and there are also researches confirming the vital role that 2-HG plays in the fate decision of immune cells. Therefore, 2-HG not only participates in tumorigenesis. This text will also summarize 2-HG's identities besides being an oncometabolite and will discuss their enlightenment for future research and clinical treatment.

Automated summary

2-HG plays a significant role in 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, tumors with IDH1/2mt mutations, and ccRCC, being regarded as an oncometabolite. It can also accumulate in hypoxic or acidic pH conditions, and has been shown to have a vital role in the fate decision of immune cells.