Global Lightning Quanta

The World Meteorological Organization recently declared lightning an essential climate variable which makes the global lightning flash rate density a key quantity, currently assessed by geostationary satellites and ground-based lightning location networks. Yet, no theory has been put forward to explain the physical relationships between the thermodynamic temperature of the Earth's atmosphere T, the global lightning flash occurrence frequency f(g), and its radiant energy E of resonant electromagnetic waves within the Earth ionosphere cavity. These three parameters are combined here by adapting the rigorous framework of quantum physics. The minimum amount of radiant energy produced by the lightning flash occurrence frequency is the global lightning quantum E = hf(g), h being Planck's constant. The superposition of numerous global lightning quanta distributes its radiant energy around the world as Earth ionosphere cavity resonances. The novel theory is in agreement with measurements using a radiometer at Arrival Heights, Antarctica, as part of the Stanford ELF/VLF Radio Noise Survey. It is found that the measurements agree with the theory within similar to 30%. The operation of the theory is illustrated with an interpretation of the measurements for an exemplary thermodynamic energy. In this case, the measurements correspond to a radiant temperature similar to-30 degrees C akin to the mixed phase region of thunderclouds where lightning discharges are initiated. The theory can help to assess the mutual impact of climate change and global lightning on each other as proposed by the World Meteorological Organization.

Automated summary

Lightning has been declared as an essential climate variable by the World Meteorological Organization, leading to the assessment of global lightning flash rate density by geostationary satellites and ground-based networks. A new theory based on quantum physics combines the thermodynamic temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, global lightning flash occurrence frequency, and resonant electromagnetic wave energy within the Earth ionosphere cavity. Measurements at Arrival Heights in Antarctica validate the theory, showing agreement within approximately 30%. This theory has the potential to help understand the mutual impact of climate change and global lightning as suggested by the World Meteorological Organization.