Multi-functionalization Strategies Using Nanomaterials: A Review and Case Study in Sensing Applications

Remarkable advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology have led researchers in various fields. The scale effects imparted by nanomaterials are associated with unexpected macroscale phenomena and properties that find many applications. However, multi-functionalization may be accompanied by physical and commercial limitations. Therefore, research must proceed in several different directions. Here, we define multi-functionalization and the electrical applications thereof in terms of increasing performance, addition of new and valuable properties, and multi-physics in play. We deal with sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, and solar cells and explore research that seeks to increase sensitivity, append stretchability, and facilitate untethered communication. Furthermore, we analyze research trends in materials use and manufacturing, and highlight useful fabrication methods. With the aim of predicting future research trends, our review presents a roadmap that will aid research on sensing and multi-functional applications.

Automated summary

Significant advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology have driven research in various fields, leading to unexpected macroscopic phenomena and applications. However, the potential limitations of multi-functionalization call for research to explore different directions. Through enhancing performance, adding new properties, and considering multiple physics interactions, studies focus on sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, and solar cells. Efforts are directed towards increasing sensitivity, flexibility, and enabling wireless communication. Analysis of material trends, manufacturing processes, and useful fabrication methods aims to predict future research directions in sensing and multi-functional applications.