4.7 Review

Nanomedicine-based technologies and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease: from current to future challenges

期刊

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
卷 19, 期 1, 页码 -

出版社

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00864-x

关键词

Alzheimer's disease; Biomarkers; Polymeric nanoparticles; Lipid nanoparticles; Metal nanoparticles; Nanotechnology

资金

  1. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Accion Estrategica en Salud, integrated in the Spanish National R+D+I Plan
  2. ISCIII Subdireccion General de Evaluacion
  3. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa) [PI17/01474, PI19/00335]
  4. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SAF201784283-R]
  5. Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) [CB06/05/0024]
  6. Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) [UIDB/04469/2020]
  7. European Regional Development Funds

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Increasing life expectancy has led to a rise in dementia cases, particularly Alzheimer's disease, which is expected to reach 131 million cases by 2050. The lack of effective treatments and late diagnosis hinder disease management, highlighting the urgent need for improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches for AD. Nanomedicine-based technologies, including advanced nanoparticles, show promise in improving drug effectiveness and tracking disease progression.
Increasing life expectancy has led to an aging population, which has consequently increased the prevalence of dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia worldwide, is estimated to make up 50-80% of all cases. AD cases are expected to reach 131 million by 2050, and this increasing prevalence will critically burden economies and health systems in the next decades. There is currently no treatment that can stop or reverse disease progression. In addition, the late diagnosis of AD constitutes a major obstacle to effective disease management. Therefore, improved diagnostic tools and new treatments for AD are urgently needed. In this review, we investigate and describe both well-established and recently discovered AD biomarkers that could potentially be used to detect AD at early stages and allow the monitoring of disease progression. Proteins such as NfL, MMPs, p-tau217, YKL-40, SNAP-25, VCAM-1, and Ng / BACE are some of the most promising biomarkers because of their successful use as diagnostic tools. In addition, we explore the most recent molecular strategies for an AD therapeutic approach and nanomedicine-based technologies, used to both target drugs to the brain and serve as devices for tracking disease progression diagnostic biomarkers. State-of-the-art nanoparticles, such as polymeric, lipid, and metal-based, are being widely investigated for their potential to improve the effectiveness of both conventional drugs and novel compounds for treating AD. The most recent studies on these nanodevices are deeply explained and discussed in this review.

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