On the challenges of searching for GeV-scale long-lived particles at the LHC

Many models of dark matter predict long-lived particles (LLPs) that can give rise to striking signatures at the LHC. Existing searches for displaced vertices are however tailored towards heavy LLPs. In this work we show that this bias severely affects their sensitivity to LLPs with masses at the GeV scale. To illustrate this point we consider two dark sector models with light LLPs that decay hadronically: a strongly-interacting dark sector with long-lived exotic mesons, and a Higgsed dark sector with a long-lived dark Higgs boson. We study the sensitivity of an existing ATLAS search for displaced vertices and missing energy in these two models and find that current track and vertex cuts result in very low efficiency for light LLPs. To close this gap in the current search programme we suggest two possible modifications of the vertex reconstruction and the analysis cuts. We calculate projected exclusion limits for these modifications and show that they greatly enhance the sensitivity to LLPs with low mass or short decay lengths.

Automated summary

The existing searches for long-lived particles (LLPs) are biased towards heavy LLPs, resulting in low sensitivity to LLPs at the GeV scale. To address this issue, two possible modifications to improve sensitivity to light LLPs are proposed in this work. These modifications greatly enhance the sensitivity to LLPs with low mass or short decay lengths.