期刊
ELIFE
卷 10, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
eLIFE SCIENCES PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.63425
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资金
- Swedish Research Council [2018-02077, 2019-01272, 2020-06101]
- Karolinska Institutet
- King Gustaf V:s and Queen Victorias Freemason Foundation
- Loo and Hans Osterman Foundation for Medical Research
- Strategic Research Program in Epidemiology at Karolinska Institutet
- Swedish Research Council [2019-01272, 2018-02077, 2020-06101] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
- Vinnova [2019-01272] Funding Source: Vinnova
Aging is a complex biological process with substantial individual variability between men and women. Women generally live longer than men but are frailer at the end of life, while men perform better in physical function examinations. Many age-related diseases exhibit sex-specific patterns.
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by hallmark features accumulating over the life course, shaping the individual's aging trajectory and subsequent disease risks. There is substantial individual variability in the aging process between men and women. In general, women live longer than men, consistent with lower biological ages as assessed by molecular biomarkers, but there is a paradox. Women are frailer and have worse health at the end of life, while men still perform better in physical function examinations. Moreover, many age-related diseases show sex-specific patterns. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on sexual dimorphism in human studies, with support from animal research, on biological aging and illnesses. We also attempt to place it in the context of the theories of aging, as well as discuss the explanations for the sex differences, for example, the sex-chromosome linked mechanisms and hormonally driven differences.
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