期刊
TOXINS
卷 13, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030222
关键词
Shiga toxin; EHEC; Shigella; hemolytic uremic syndrome; Gb3; LAPTM4A; TM9SF2; immunotoxin; bacterial toxins; toxins
资金
- BorroughsWellcome Fund (Investigator in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease award)
- American Urologic Association/Urology Care Foundation
- Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction
- Borroughs Wellcome Fund
Shiga toxins are classic bacterial toxins associated with Shigella dysenteriae and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, leading to life-threatening complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. The lack of toxin inhibitors and effective treatments exacerbates the threat posed by Stxs.
Shiga toxins (Stxs) are classic bacterial toxins and major virulence factors of toxigenic Shigella dysenteriae and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). These toxins recognize a glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3/CD77) as their receptor and inhibit protein synthesis in cells by cleaving 28S ribosomal RNA. They are the major cause of life-threatening complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), associated with severe cases of EHEC infection, which is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in children. The threat of Stxs is exacerbated by the lack of toxin inhibitors and effective treatment for HUS. Here, we briefly summarize the Stx structure, subtypes, in vitro and in vivo models, Gb3 expression and HUS, and then introduce recent studies using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome-wide screens to identify the host cell factors required for Stx action. We also summarize the latest progress in utilizing and engineering Stx components for biomedical applications.
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