期刊
REMOTE SENSING
卷 13, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/rs13061165
关键词
glacial debris flow; glacial lake outburst flood; disaster chain; remote sensing; Karakoram
类别
资金
- Ministry of Science and Technology [2018FY100502]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA19070501]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41671066, 41950410575, 41671075]
This study documented and reconstructed the sequence of events caused by a glacial debris flow that dammed the Immit River in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Range in July 2018. Using satellite remote sensing and field data, the researchers found that glacial meltwater and debris led to the damming of the river, resulting in the expansion of Lake Badswat and other related events. The study highlights the complexity and dangers of glacial-related disasters, providing valuable information for understanding disaster chains and proposing mitigation plans for vulnerable communities.
The Karakoram mountain range is prone to natural disasters such as glacial surging and glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) events. In this study, we aimed to document and reconstruct the sequence of events caused by glacial debris flows that dammed the Immit River in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Range on 17 July 2018. We used satellite remote sensing and field data to conduct the analyses. The order of the events in the disaster chain were determined as follows: glacial meltwater from the G2 glacier (ID: G074052E36491N) transported ice and debris that dammed the meltwater at the snout of the G1 glacier (ID: G074103E36480N), then the debris flow dammed the Immit River and caused Lake Badswat to expand. We surveyed the extent of these events using remote sensing imagery. We analyzed the glaciers' responses to this event chain and found that the glacial debris flow induced G1 to exhibit accelerating ice flow in parts of the region from 25 July 2018 to 4 August 2018. According to the records from reanalysis data and data from the automatic weather station located 75 km from Lake Badswat, the occurrence of this disaster chain was related to high temperatures recorded after 15 July 2018. The chains of events caused by glacially related disasters makes such hazards more complex and dangerous. Therefore, this study is useful not only for understanding the formation of glacial disaster chains, but also for framing mitigation plans to reduce the risks for vulnerable downstream/upstream residents.
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