期刊
出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073789
关键词
older adults; nursing homes; exercise; nutrition; cognition; Portugal
资金
- National Funds through FCT/MCTES-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [UIDB/50006/2020]
This study highlights the importance of nutritional status in older adults, showing the relationship between nutritional risk, functional capacity, and cognition. Malnutrition risk can lead to increased dependency and cognitive impairment, emphasizing the need for a correct diet and close evaluation of nutritional risk to preserve cognition, independence, and autonomy in nursing homes.
Demographic aging of the population allied with the new family structures and societal dynamics is generating an increasing demand for institutions for older adults. Nutritional status is a key health determinant that impacts the quality of life among older adults. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and nutritional risk, functional capacity, and cognition in institutionalised Portuguese older adults by a cross-sectional study in 15 institutions. Nutritional status (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), nutritional risk (mini nutritional assessment (MNA)), degree of functional independence (Barthel index (BI)), and cognitive ability (mini mental state examination (MMSE)) were assessed. Of the 214 older adults evaluated, 28.0% were at risk of malnutrition, 69.6% were mildly functional dependent, and 39.3% presented minor cognitive impairment. The risk of malnutrition increased functional dependence and cognitive impairment. The MNA score, but not the BMI or WC, was related to disability and deficits in cognition. A differential interdependence was found between nutritional, cognitive, and functional status. Strategies to improve self-care and well-being in nursing homes should consider a correct diet and a closer evaluation of nutritional risk to preserve cognition, independence, and autonomy.
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