期刊
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
卷 11, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa067
关键词
Drosophila; sex; insulin pathway; body size; genetics
资金
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research [PJT-153072]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2016-04249]
- Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research [16876]
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation [JELF-34879]
- UBC
- NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Award
Recent studies suggest that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway plays a role in the sex-specific regulation of body size in Drosophila. However, the specific effects of changes to IIS activity on body size in each sex remain poorly understood. Our study found that altering IIS activity had sex-biased effects on body size in fruit flies, emphasizing the importance of analyzing body size data based on sex.
In Drosophila raised in nutrient-rich conditions, female body size is approximately 30% larger than male body size due to an increased rate of growth and differential weight loss during the larval period. While the mechanisms that control this sex difference in body size remain incompletely understood, recent studies suggest that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) plays a role in the sex-specific regulation of processes that influence body size during development. In larvae, IIS activity differs between the sexes, and there is evidence of sex-specific regulation of IIS ligands. Yet, we lack knowledge of how changes to IIS activity impact body size in each sex, as the majority of studies on IIS and body size use single- or mixed-sex groups of larvae and/or adult flies. The goal of our current study was to clarify the body size requirement for IIS activity in each sex. To achieve this goal, we used established genetic approaches to enhance, or inhibit, IIS activity, and quantified pupal size in males and females. Overall, genotypes that inhibited IIS activity caused a female-biased decrease in body size, whereas genotypes that augmented IIS activity caused a male-specific increase in body size. These data extend our current understanding of body size regulation by showing that most changes to IIS pathway activity have sex-biased effects, and highlights the importance of analyzing body size data according to sex.
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