Self-ordered nanospike porous alumina fabricated under a new regime by an anodizing process in alkaline media

High-aspect ratio ordered nanomaterial arrays exhibit several unique physicochemical and optical properties. Porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is one of the most typical ordered porous structures and can be easily fabricated by applying an electrochemical anodizing process to Al. However, the dimensional and structural controllability of conventional porous AAOs is limited to a narrow range because there are only a few electrolytes that work in this process. Here, we provide a novel anodizing method using an alkaline electrolyte, sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7), for the fabrication of a high-aspect ratio, self-ordered nanospike porous AAO structure. This self-ordered porous AAO structure possesses a wide range of the interpore distance under a new anodizing regime, and highly ordered porous AAO structures can be fabricated using pre-nanotexturing of Al. The vertical pore walls of porous AAOs have unique nanospikes measuring several tens of nanometers in periodicity, and we demonstrate that AAO can be used as a template for the fabrication of nanomaterials with a large surface area. We also reveal that stable anodizing without the occurrence of oxide burning and the subsequent formation of uniform self-ordered AAO structures can be achieved on complicated three-dimensional substrates.

Automated summary

The use of Na2B4O7 as an alkaline electrolyte allows for the fabrication of high-aspect ratio, self-ordered nanospike porous AAO structures with a wide range of interpore distances. Pre-nanotexturing of Al enables the production of highly ordered porous AAO structures with unique nanospikes on the vertical pore walls.