Evaluation of malignant effusions using MR-based T1 mapping

Our aim was to investigate the diagnostic yield of rapid T1-mapping for the differentiation of malignant and non-malignant effusions in an ex-vivo set up. T1-mapping was performed with a fast modified Look-Locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) acquisition and a combined turbo spin-echo and inversion-recovery sequence (TMIX) as reference. A total of 13 titrated albumin-solutions as well as 48 samples (29 ascites/pleural effusions from patients with malignancy; 19 from patients without malignancy) were examined. Samples were classified as malignant-positive histology, malignant-negative histology and non-malignant negative histology. In phantom analysis both mapping techniques correlated with albumin-content (MOLLI: r=-0.97, TMIX: r=-0.98). MOLLI T1 relaxation times were shorter in malignancy-positive histology fluids (2237 +/- 137 ms) than in malignancy-negative histology fluids (2423 +/- 357 ms) as well as than in non-malignant-negative histology fluids (2651 +/- 139 ms); post hoc test for all intergroup comparisons:<0.05. ROC analysis for differentiation between malignant and non-malignant effusions (malignant positive histology vs. all other) showed an (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI 0.77-0.96). T1 mapping allows for non-invasive differentiation of malignant and non-malignant effusions in an ex-vivo set up.

Automated summary

This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of rapid T1-mapping for differentiating malignant and non-malignant effusions in an ex-vivo set up, showing that MOLLI T1 relaxation times were able to distinguish between different types of fluids effectively.