期刊
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
卷 11, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83667-2
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资金
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [JP17J06911, 17J01336, 17J09827]
- European Research Council Starting Grant [802979]
- National Geographic Foundation for Science and Exploration [Asia 38-16]
- Leading Program in Primatology and Wildlife Science of Kyoto University
- European Research Council (ERC) [802979] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17J01336, 17J09827] Funding Source: KAKEN
The reported cases of wild bonobos adopting infants from different social groups show that adoptive mothers provide various maternal care without any maternal kin-relationship with the adoptees, likely driven by bonobos' strong attraction to infants and high tolerance towards immatures and out-group individuals.
Adoption, the act of taking another individual's offspring and treating it as one's own, is rare but widely observed in various mammal species and may increase the survival of adoptees. Adoption may also benefit adoptive mothers, for example they might care for close kin to gain indirect fitness or to learn caregiving behaviours. Here, we report two cases of a wild bonobo adopting an infant from a different social group, the first report of cross-group adoption in great apes. In one case, the adoptive mother was already a mother of two dependent offspring. In the other case, the adoptive mother was an old parous female whose own offspring had already emigrated into a different social group. The adoptive mothers provided various maternal care to the adoptees, such as carrying, grooming, nursing, and sharing food. No aggression was observed by group members towards the out-group adoptees. In both cases, adoptees had no maternal kin-relationship with their adoptive mothers. Both adoptive mothers already had experience of rearing their own offspring. Instead, these cases of adoption may have been driven by other evolutionary adaptive traits of bonobos, such as their strong attraction to infants and high tolerance towards immatures and out-group individuals.
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