4.7 Review

The Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation, Alcohol Reduction, Diet and Physical Activity Interventions in Improving Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses

期刊

NUTRIENTS
卷 13, 期 3, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13031036

关键词

systematic review; intervention; pregnancy; smoking; alcohol; diet; physical activity

资金

  1. Fuse, the Centre for Translational Research in Public Health [MR/K02325X/1]
  2. British Heart Foundation
  3. Cancer Research UK
  4. National Institute of Health Research
  5. Economic and Social Research Council
  6. Medical Research Council
  7. Health and Social Care Research and Development Office
  8. Northern Ireland
  9. National Institute for Social Care and Health Research (Welsh Assembly Government)
  10. Wellcome Trust under the UKCRC

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Interventions such as diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, and alcohol behavior changes during pregnancy aim to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Evidence suggests that these interventions can significantly reduce gestational weight gain, postnatal weight retention, and reduce the risk of certain complications, but do not have a significant impact on indicators such as newborn birth weight. Prioritizing research in these areas could improve the lifelong well-being of women and their children.
Diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol behaviour-change interventions delivered in pregnancy aim to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review reports a synthesis of evidence from meta-analyses on the effectiveness of interventions at reducing risk of adverse health outcomes. Sixty-five systematic reviews (63 diet and physical activity; 2 smoking) reporting 602 meta-analyses, published since 2011, were identified; no data were identified for alcohol interventions. A wide range of outcomes were reported, including gestational weight gain, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes (GDM) and fetal growth. There was consistent evidence from diet and physical activity interventions for a significantly reduced mean gestational weight gain (ranging from -0.21 kg (95% confidence interval -0.34, -0.08) to -5.77 kg (95% CI -9.34, -2.21). There was evidence from larger diet and physical activity meta-analyses for a significant reduction in postnatal weight retention, caesarean delivery, preeclampsia, hypertension, GDM and preterm delivery, and for smoking interventions to significantly increase birth weight. There was no statistically significant evidence of interventions having an effect on low or high birthweight, neonatal intensive care unit admission, Apgar score or mortality outcomes. Priority areas for future research to capitalise on pregnancy as an opportunity to improve the lifelong wellbeing of women and their children are highlighted.

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