Imperceptible energy harvesting device and biomedical sensor based on ultraflexible ferroelectric transducers and organic diodes

Energy autonomy and conformability are essential elements in the next generation of wearable and flexible electronics for healthcare, robotics and cyber-physical systems. This study presents ferroelectric polymer transducers and organic diodes for imperceptible sensing and energy harvesting systems, which are integrated on ultrathin (1-mu m) substrates, thus imparting them with excellent flexibility. Simulations show that the sensitivity of ultraflexible ferroelectric polymer transducers is strongly enhanced by using an ultrathin substrate, which allows the mounting on 3D-shaped objects and the stacking in multiple layers. Indeed, ultraflexible ferroelectric polymer transducers have improved sensitivity to strain and pressure, fast response and excellent mechanical stability, thus forming imperceptible wireless e-health patches for precise pulse and blood pressure monitoring. For harvesting biomechanical energy, the transducers are combined with rectifiers based on ultraflexible organic diodes thus comprising an imperceptible, 2.5-mu m thin, energy harvesting device with an excellent peak power density of 3mWcm(-3). Next-generation energy autonomous biomedical devices must easily conform to human skin, provide accurate health monitoring and allow for scalable manufacturing. Here, the authors report ultraflexible ferroelectric transducers and organic diodes for biomedical sensing and energy harvesting.Ultraflexible ferroelectric transducers based on P(VDF:TrFE) co-polymer with optimised crystalline structure by thermal annealing are utilised as sensors for vital parameters detection and as piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG). The PENGs were incorporated in an energy harvesting system including OTFT-based rectifying circuits and thin film capacitors on a single ultrathin substrate. Both developments could pave the way towards self-powering, imperceptible e-health systems.

Automated summary

This study introduces ultraflexible ferroelectric polymer transducers and organic diodes for imperceptible sensing and energy harvesting, showing enhanced sensitivity and excellent flexibility when integrated on ultrathin substrates. These technologies enable the development of imperceptible wireless e-health patches with improved sensitivity, fast response, and mechanical stability for precise monitoring of vital parameters. Additionally, combining transducers with rectifiers based on ultraflexible organic diodes results in a thin and efficient energy harvesting device with great potential for self-powering e-health systems.