ARIH1 signaling promotes anti-tumor immunity by targeting PD-L1 for proteasomal degradation

Cancer expression of PD-L1 suppresses anti-tumor immunity. PD-L1 has emerged as a remarkable therapeutic target. However, the regulation of PD-L1 degradation is not understood. Here, we identify several compounds as inducers of PD-L1 degradation using a high-throughput drug screen. We find EGFR inhibitors promote PD-L1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation following GSK3 alpha-mediated phosphorylation of Ser279/Ser283. We identify ARIH1 as the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for targeting PD-L1 to degradation. Overexpression of ARIH1 suppresses tumor growth and promotes cytotoxic T cell activation in wild-type, but not in immunocompromised mice, highlighting the role of ARIH1 in anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, combining EGFR inhibitor ES-072 with anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy results in an additive effect on both tumor growth and cytotoxic T cell activation. Our results delineate a mechanism of PD-L1 degradation and cancer escape from immunity via EGFR-GSK3 alpha-ARIH1 signaling and suggest GSK3 alpha and ARIH1 might be potential drug targets to boost anti-tumor immunity and enhance immunotherapies.

Automated summary

The study identifies compounds inducing PD-L1 degradation, with EGFR inhibitors promoting PD-L1 degradation through GSK3 alpha-mediated phosphorylation. ARIH1 is identified as the E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting PD-L1 for degradation and plays a critical role in anti-tumor immunity. This research suggests that GSK3 alpha and ARIH1 may be potential drug targets to enhance anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapies.