Branched-chain α-ketoacids are preferentially reaminated and activate protein synthesis in the heart

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their cognate alpha -ketoacids (BCKA) are elevated in an array of cardiometabolic diseases. Here we demonstrate that the major metabolic fate of uniformly-C-13-labeled alpha -ketoisovalerate ([U-C-13]KIV) in the heart is reamination to valine. Activation of cardiac branched-chain alpha -ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) by treatment with the BCKDH kinase inhibitor, BT2, does not impede the strong flux of [U-C-13]KIV to valine. Sequestration of BCAA and BCKA away from mitochondrial oxidation is likely due to low levels of expression of the mitochondrial BCAA transporter SLC25A44 in the heart, as its overexpression significantly lowers accumulation of [C-13]-labeled valine from [U-C-13]KIV. Finally, exposure of perfused hearts to levels of BCKA found in obese rats increases phosphorylation of the translational repressor 4E-BP1 as well as multiple proteins in the MEK-ERK pathway, leading to a doubling of total protein synthesis. These data suggest that elevated BCKA levels found in obesity may contribute to pathologic cardiac hypertrophy via chronic activation of protein synthesis. Systemic modulation of branched-chain keto acid (BCKA) metabolism alters cardiac health. Here, the authors define the major fates of BCKA in the heart and demonstrate that acute exposure to BCKA levels found in obesity activates cardiac protein synthesis and markedly alters the heart phosphoproteome.

Automated summary

The major metabolic fate of uniformly-C-13-labeled alpha-ketoisovalerate in the heart is reamination to valine. Activation of cardiac branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase by treatment with the BCKDH kinase inhibitor, BT2, does not impede the strong flux of alpha-ketoisovalerate to valine. Moreover, exposure to levels of BCKA found in obese rats increases cardiac protein synthesis and alters the heart phosphoproteome.