New data on the ultrastructure of Paradermamoeba levis (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida): Cytoplasmic MTOCs are found among Dermamoebida

In this detailed electron microscopic study of Paradermamoeba levis Smirnov et Goodkov 1994 (phylum Amoebozoa, class Discosea, subclass Longamoebia, order Dermamoebida, family Dermamoebidae) based on numerous fixations and studies of a large number of cells we provide the first comprehensive description of the ultrastructure of this species. P. levis possesses cytoplasmic microtubule-organizing centres (MTOCs) associated with dictyosomes of the Golgi complex. This finding adds evidence to our earlier suggestion that the presence of cytoplasmic MTOCs is a synapomorphy of the phylogenetic lineages forming the subclass Longamoebia. The so-called supernumerary nucleus of P. levis noted in the initial description was found to be not an individual structure but an outgrowth of the cell nucleus containing its own nucleolus. Enigmatic trichocyst-like bodies were noted in all studied strains, originating from different geographic locations. This proves that these bodies are integral parts of the cell structure, not an occasional property of the type strain. P. levis is now reliably recorded from several European locations (North-Western Russia, Croatia, Switzerland, UK) and Far East of Russia. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.