Cardiac hypertrophy at autopsy

Since cardiac hypertrophy may be considered a cause of death at autopsy, its assessment requires a uniform approach. Common terminology and methodology to measure the heart weight, size, and thickness as well as a systematic use of cut off values for normality by age, gender, and body weight and height are needed. For these reasons, recommendations have been written on behalf of the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology. The diagnostic work up implies the search for pressure and volume overload conditions, compensatory hypertrophy, storage and infiltrative disorders, and cardiomyopathies. Although some gross morphologic features can point to a specific diagnosis, systematic histologic analysis, followed by possible immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy, is essential for a final diagnosis. If the autopsy is carried out in a general or forensic pathology service without expertise in cardiovascular pathology, the entire heart (or pictures) together with mapped histologic slides should be sent for a second opinion to a pathologist with such an expertise. Indication for postmortem genetic testing should be integrated into the multidisciplinary management of sudden cardiac death.

Automated summary

For accurate assessment of cardiac hypertrophy at autopsy, uniform terminology and methodology are required, as well as a systematic approach to measuring heart weight, size, and thickness with age, gender, and body weight and height considerations. Recommendations have been made by the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology for this purpose. In cases where expertise in cardiovascular pathology is lacking, seeking a second opinion from a specialist pathologist is essential, particularly through systematic histologic analysis. Genetic testing postmortem should be considered in the management of sudden cardiac death.