Minimum-lap-time optimisation and simulation

The paper begins with a survey of advances in state-of-the-art minimum-time simulation for road vehicles. The techniques covered include both quasi-steady-state and transient vehicle models, which are combined with trajectories that are either pre-assigned or free to be optimised. The fundamentals of nonlinear optimal control are summarised. These fundamentals are the basis of most of the vehicular optimal control methodologies and solution procedures reported in the literature. The key features of three-dimensional road modelling, vehicle positioning and vehicle modelling are also summarised with a focus on recent developments. Both cars and motorcycles are considered.

Automated summary

The paper discusses recent advancements in minimum-time simulation for road vehicles, covering steady-state and transient vehicle models as well as trajectory optimization. It also summarizes the fundamentals of nonlinear optimal control, which underpin most vehicular optimal control methodologies and solutions reported in the literature. Additionally, key features in three-dimensional road modeling, vehicle positioning, and vehicle modeling are highlighted with recent developments in mind.